Weed Dynamics According to Soil Nutrient Content in Rice Cultivation in Burkina Faso
Sere Issiaka
*
Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo/Laboratoire Sols, Matériaux et Environnement, UFR Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, 03 B.P 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
Sanou Adama
Centre National de la recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Département Productions Végétales (DPV), Laboratoire de Protection et Défense des Cultures (LAPRODEC), 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso.
Koumbem Mahamoudou
Centre National de la recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Département Productions Végétales (DPV), Laboratoire de Protection et Défense des Cultures (LAPRODEC), 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso.
Kone Soumana
Centre National de la recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Département Productions Végétales (DPV), Laboratoire de Protection et Défense des Cultures (LAPRODEC), 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso.
Pale Siébou
Centre National de la recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Département Productions Végétales (DPV), Laboratoire de Protection et Défense des Cultures (LAPRODEC), 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso.
Coulibaly Drissa
Centre National de la recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Département Productions Végétales (DPV), Laboratoire de Protection et Défense des Cultures (LAPRODEC), 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso.
Kiendrebeogo Ali
Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Dept., Konya, Türkiye.
Traore Hamidou
Centre National de la recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Département Productions Végétales (DPV), Laboratoire de Protection et Défense des Cultures (LAPRODEC), 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Weed communities can respond differently to soil nutrient availability and rice cultivation ecology, yet this relationship remains insufficiently described for rice systems in Burkina Faso.
Aim: This study assessed weed dynamics according to fertiliser treatment and rice cultivation type to support sustainable weed management.
Method: A greenhouse experiment was conducted using a split-plot design with three rice cultivation types: irrigated, lowland and rainfed rice, and five fertilisation treatments: NPK, urea, DAP, potassium fertiliser and no fertiliser. Weed abundance, biomass, chlorophyll content, flowering rate, species composition, diversity indices and phytosociological groupings were evaluated up to 60 days after infestation.
Results: Weed abundance varied significantly with rice ecology, fertiliser treatment and their interaction. The highest weed populations at 15 and 45 days after infestation occurred in unfertilised lowland rice, whereas the highest populations at 30 and 60 days were recorded in lowland rice fertilised with urea. Fresh biomass was highest in lowland rice with NPK, while dry biomass was highest in rainfed rice with DAP. Dicotyledons and therophytes were the dominant groups, representing 69.70% and 75.76%, respectively. Cyperaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae were the main families. Indicator and frequent species included Coldenia procumbens, Cyperus difformis, Ludwigia erecta, Cyperus rotundus, Ludwigia palustris, Scoparia dulcis and Grona trifolia.
Conclusion: Rice cultivation ecology and fertiliser type influenced weed emergence, growth and community composition. Nutrient management should therefore be considered when developing integrated weed management strategies for rice cultivation in Burkina Faso.
Keywords: Weed dynamics, rice cultivation, soil nutrient content, fertilisation management, lowland rice, irrigated rice, rainfed rice, weed diversity, phytosociological analysis